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3 Comforting Truths about Jesus Christ – John 6:16-40

Good morning, church! How are you all doing? With so much that is happening around the world, it’s natural for us to feel anxious and uncertain. In fact, listening to minute by minute updates of what’s happening can really leave us unsettled, and that’s why we need God’s Word to reveal to us who our God is and how He’s still working out His glorious purposes in the midst of a chaotic world. Even as different nations and businesses and families are figuring out how to deal with the chaos, God’s not confused and neither are His purposes impacted.

That’s why this time of sitting under the preached Word is so important for us because God is feeding us with truths about who He is. And that’s in fact what we’re going to focus on this morning as we ponder on 3 comforting truths about Jesus our Savior.

But before we proceed, I’d love to pray for us.

It was the most amazing revival meeting ever! Not only did the audience listen to the best ever preacher and communicator of God’s Word, but they also witnessed one of the most astonishing miracles right before them where 5 bread loaves and two fish were multiplied and managed to feed 5,000 men (which probably could have been anywhere between 10,000 to 15,000 people). And so abundant was the provision of that miraculous sign that there were still 12 baskets of leftovers.

Then in V14 which we read last week, the crowds who experienced this declared that “this is indeed the Prophet who was to come into the world”. What more can you ask for? If something like this happened today, the organizing committee would have published this all over social media announcing the massive success of this revival meeting. They would’ve already started planning for the upcoming event.

Instead what do we see happening here? Jesus withdraws to a mountain by Himself and the disciples take a boat and go to the other side of the sea. It’s like an anti-climax. What we expected to happen, didn’t happen. The opposite did. Because even as the crowds were saying the right things, Jesus knew what was going on in their hearts. He knew their heart motivations weren’t right. He saw their unbelief.

And so that’s the context in which we find ourselves in today’s passage. It’s the aftermath of Jesus’ fourth sign – Jesus feeding the 5000. What we will see in the proceeding 24 verses are 3 comforting truths about Jesus. Let’s remember that even as Jesus is performing these amazing signs, He’s not doing it to “wow the crowd” or create a viral moment. He’s doing these signs to reveal something about who He is to His people. He’s doing this to reveal something about who He is and what He’s come to do.

Let’s get right into it. 3 comforting truths:

1. Jesus our Protector (V16-21)

[16] When evening came, his disciples went down to the sea, [17] got into a boat, and started across the sea to Capernaum. It was now dark, and Jesus had not yet come to them. [18] The sea became rough because a strong wind was blowing. [19] When they had rowed about three or four miles, they saw Jesus walking on the sea and coming near the boat, and they were frightened. [20] But he said to them, “It is I; do not be afraid.” [21] Then they were glad to take him into the boat, and immediately the boat was at the land to which they were going.

After a long day of ministry, these tired disciples get on a boat and intend to cross the sea to go to the other side. V17 tells us that Jesus wasn’t with them (they were by themselves) & it got pretty dark.

And then crisis hits them in V18 when they are hit with a terrible storm. Lake of Galilee was known for having sudden and violent storms due to its geography. Cool, dry air from the surrounding mountains would frequently collide with the warm, semi tropical air of the lake which often resulted in violent storms.

Even though many of these disciples were experienced sailors and fishermen themselves, that in itself doesn’t guarantee safety against forces of nature. V19 says that they rowed 3-4 miles but the same account in Mark 6:48 tells us the disciples were making headway painfully. In other words, they were struggling to row. They were in grave danger because of the storm.

And then they saw Jesus walking on the water and coming toward them and they were frightened. The same account in Mark 6 tells us that they thought that they saw a ghost and so they cried out in fear seeing him. So it’s not just the storm that is frightening them, it is the sight of Jesus who they think is a ghost.

And then in V20, Jesus comforts them by telling them “It is I, do not be afraid”. When we read this, it may seem like Jesus is telling them “It’s me only. Don’t worry”. But it’s much more than that. When Jesus says “It is I”, the Greek word for that could also be translated as “I am”. That’s the name that God used to describe Himself to Moses. “I am who I am”. He is the eternal God. Self-sufficient, self existent and sovereign. He’s the only being in the universe who can claim to have dependency on no one else. The perfect way to describe this God is “I am”.

Now imagine what it must be for these struggling disciples to hear those words? First to recognize that this is their Jesus but also to recognize that He is the I am. Such a comforting truth to know during their moment of distress.

V21 tells us that they were glad and took him on the boat, and then after a few hours the boat reached the land. Is that what it says? No, it says “immediately” the boat was at the land where they had to go. How remarkable?

What was Jesus trying to teach His disciples that evening? By walking on water, He taught them that they have no power to face the forces of nature like the wind and sea but Jesus rules over the forces of nature like wind and sea. By entering the boat and immediately reaching the shore, He’s showing them that though we all find ourselves within the limits of time and space but Jesus operates outside of that. Time and space isn’t a limitation for Him.

Moreover, these Jewish disciples are well acquainted with God’s deeds involving water bodies in Israelites history. They very well know the story of God parting the Red Sea to protect His people from the Egyptians. The same God who parted the Red Sea, walked on water, and safely brought the disciples to the shore. He is our Protector!

With all the crazy things happening in the world around us, how comforting it is to know that Jesus is our Protector! He is powerful and comes to our aid.  But more than just the physical safety, how comforting it is to know that Jesus has taken it upon Himself to safely protect us and bring us to our heavenly home.

But not only is He our Protector,

2. Jesus our Satisfier (V22-36)

[22] On the next day, the crowd that remained on the other side of the sea saw that there had been only one boat there, and that Jesus had not entered the boat with his disciples, but that his disciples had gone away alone. [23] Other boats from Tiberias came near the place where they had eaten the bread after the Lord had given thanks. [24] So when the crowd saw that Jesus was not there, nor his disciples, they themselves got into the boats and went to Capernaum, seeking Jesus.

Just imagine this – the crowd that was fed (not just a few people) was desperately seeking Jesus. They conducted a thorough search of the land, and when they couldn’t find him, they hopped onto a boat and went across just to find Jesus. It’s commendable to see the effort that they took just to find Jesus.

[25] When they found him on the other side of the sea, they said to him, “Rabbi, when did you come here?”

In other words, they are saying, “Jesus, when did you get here? We were looking all over for you.”

[26] Jesus answered them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, you are seeking me, not because you saw signs, but because you ate your fill of the loaves.

Because Jesus is the Son of God, He knows what’s really going on in our hearts. He didn’t need anyone to bear witness about man because He Himself knew what was in man. (John 2:25) So Jesus diagnoses them immediately and says “You’re coming here not because you saw the signs and want to believe in me, you’re coming to me for free food. You’re here for a happy meal. You’re simply being materialistic”.

[27] Do not work for the food that perishes, but for the food that endures to eternal life, which the Son of Man will give to you. For on him God the Father has set his seal.”

A little bit of context on the Galileans. They were simple people – mostly worked all day in the fields so that they could earn their livelihood and literally put bread on the table. Unlike some of the other groups of people which Jesus interacted, who were more theological and philosophical, the Galileans weren’t like that. They were practical, simple people whose only aim in life was to work and bring food on the table.

And so when they approached Jesus again, let’s think about what was going on in their minds. They saw Jesus as someone who could give them free food without having to spend hours in the field working for it. They saw Jesus as the solution to reduce their toil in life. They saw Jesus as a pathway to an easier, more comfortable life.

So when Jesus tells them “do not work for the food which perishes”, he’s not discouraging them from working in the fields. He’s pointing to the pursuits of their hearts – “Comfort, Easy life, Material things (salary at the end of the month, nice house, nice car, wonderful spouse, beautiful children, investments”. Jesus is telling them that if your life is all about these things, you should know that this pursuit will perish – it’s temporary and short-lived. None of these things that we chase after will matter in eternity.

And so Jesus says rather let your pursuits be for eternal life, which the Son of Man (Jesus) will give us, because on Him is the Father’s seal – God’s approval is upon Him. Let your pursuits, your heart, your focus be on eternal life.

What are you and I pursuing after?

[28] Then they said to him, “What must we do to be doing the works of God?”

They are basically asking Jesus – tell us plainly what should we be pursuing and chasing after?

[29] Jesus answered them, “This is the work of God, that you believe in him whom he has sent.”

Believe in Jesus Christ! That word “believe” in Greek isn’t simply referring to believing facts about Jesus. It refers to commitment. It refers to entrusting your life to Jesus. It refers to fully surrendering your life to Jesus.

It’s not just raising your hand or walking down the aisle or praying the sinners prayer. I can pray the sinner’s prayer and yet not be willing to surrender my life to Jesus. That’s not believing. True believing means surrender!

[30] So they said to him, “Then what sign do you do, that we may see and believe you? What work do you perform? [31] Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness; as it is written, ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.’”

Isn’t it amazing the question that they pose to Jesus? Just a day before they themselves witnessed how Jesus miraculously supplied and provided for their need in the middle of nowhere. And yet they are asking for more signs that they can believe!

And then they quote from the OT to show how Moses gave them bread from heaven. They were basically demanding that Jesus do something similar (give them daily manna from heaven everyday) so that they can finally trust in Him.

 [32] Jesus then said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, it was not Moses who gave you the bread from heaven, but my Father gives you the true bread from heaven. [33] For the bread of God is he who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.”

Jesus corrects them and says it wasn’t Moses but the Father who fed the Israelites with manna from heaven. Moreover, the same Father in heaven is now giving you the “True Bread” from heaven who will give you life.

 [34] They said to him, “Sir, give us this bread always.”

They are still thinking in earthly physical terms. They are not getting it.

 [35] Jesus said to them, “I am the bread of life; whoever comes to me shall not hunger, and whoever believes in me shall never thirst.

This is the first of the seven I am sayings. Again, Jesus uses the name that was used by God to describe Himself to Moses in the burning bush. Jesus is saying that He is the eternal God, self sufficient, self existent and sovereign (to do what He wants to do).

“Bread of life” – bread is not a luxury food. Bread is essential food for daily nourishment and sustenance. We need bread for survival. In the same way, Jesus is saying that we need Him for our eternal survival. Without Jesus we will eternally perish.

“whoever comes to me shall not hunger, and whoever believes in me shall never thirst” – not only is Jesus saying that He is critical for our spiritual nourishment and sustenance. He’s also saying that when we come to Him, He will fully satisfy us.

And out here, Jesus is making the big claim, that only He can uniquely satisfy us & when we come to Him & believe in Him, we will be satisfied.

Throughout history people have tried doing different things to satisfy human hearts but the truth is that all of it will fail us. Everything else will leave us dry. Everything else will leave us hungry. Everything else will leave us thirsty. Only Jesus can satisfy our hunger and thirst by us coming to Him and entrusting our lives to Him.

Someone may say “I’ve believed in Jesus many years back but I still feel empty and hungry and thirsty in my heart”. The question we need to ask ourselves is this “have I really fully surrendered my life to Jesus or not”? Because either we are lying or Jesus is lying. We know that Jesus cannot lie and He keeps all His promises and so if He’s saying that He will satisfy, that must be true.

 [36] But I said to you that you have seen me and yet do not believe.

That’s the unfortunate part that despite hearing all of this & seeing Jesus’ unbelievable sign, they still didn’t believe in Him.

Another example of the fact that even if we saw Jesus doing the things that He did up close, that in no way guarantees better or stronger faith.

But not only is He our Protector and Satisfier,

3. Jesus our Preserver (V37-40)

[37] All that the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me I will never cast out. [38] For I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will but the will of him who sent me. [39] And this is the will of him who sent me, that I should lose nothing of all that he has given me, but raise it up on the last day. [40] For this is the will of my Father, that everyone who looks on the Son and believes in him should have eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.”

These verses are super encouraging because it tells us of God’s ownership and control over the life of the believer. It’s a big statement to make where Jesus says that whoever the Father gives to me “will come to me”. Not might come to me or ideally should come to me. Will come me. It is 100% certain. Now this doesn’t mean that there’s no need for repentance and faith from our side as though God is operating us like robots. No that’s absolutely needed which Jesus presses throughout this passage. But this is just to show the kind of favor and hand that God has over those whom He has appointed.

And then Jesus says, whoever comes to me, I will never cast out. Actually the word “never” is translated as “in no way, by no means, never ever”. It’s a way of Jesus saying, once a believer has come to me, I’m not going to let go of him. Never. And Jesus reemphasizes this in V39 where He says that He will not lose nothing of all that has been given to him but all will be raised up. In other words, Jesus is promising a 100 % success rate of bringing believers safely to heaven’s shore.

40] For this is the will of my Father, that everyone who looks on the Son and believes in him should have eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.”

This is a promise Jesus makes not just to a certain group or community. This is a promise Jesus makes to everyone who looks on the Son and believes (commits, entrust, surrenders) that they will have eternal life and will be raised on the last day.

When you read these verses? Do you think a true believer can lose His salvation? No never. Maybe that person was never a believer in the first place. But if he is a believer and if he’s gone astray, Jesus will do whatever He will either to loving correction of a brother, disciplining or suffering to bring that person back. Why? Because whoever comes to Jesus, He will never cast out. Jesus’ name and character is right behind this promise. How comforting is that?

I just want to end by the wonderful stanza of In Christ Alone which says this:

No guilt in life, no fear in death,

This is the power of Christ in me;

From life’s first cry to final breath,

Jesus commands my destiny.

No power of hell, no scheme of man,

Can ever pluck me from His hand:

Till He returns or calls me home,

Here in the power of Christ I’ll stand.

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How Jesus Reacts to our Unbelief – John 6:1-15

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Resources don’t guarantee Relationship with Jesus – John 5:30-47

Good morning, church! I’m aware that many of us could be unsettled this morning as we’ve heard the news of a war breaking out in the Middle East. We’ve got loved ones and friends living out there, and there is a concern for their well-being. There could also be a sense of anxiety as we think about all that’s happening in the world around us.

In moments like this, we find strength and assurance not by looking at ourselves, at governments and at the military strength of nations. We look at what God’s Word tells us about our God. That’s how God’s people have always found strength and assurance.

Psalm 46:1-3 ESV

[1] God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble. [2] Therefore we will not fear though the earth give way, though the mountains be moved into the heart of the sea, [3] though its waters roar and foam, though the mountains tremble at its swelling.

That’s our God and let’s commit the care of our loved ones and family into the hands of our God who is our refuge and strength.

As we move into our time with God’s Word, we’ve been going through a series titled Believing and Knowing Jesus from the gospel of John. And apostle John who is the writer of the gospel tells us explicitly that this is the reason why he wrote this gospel. He tells us that everything that he’s written was written so that we may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing we may have life in his name. (John 20:31)

Believing and Knowing Jesus is why he wrote this gospel! And so irrespective of where you are in your relationship with Jesus, this gospel has something to say to you. If you’re a believer, know that you’re been called to deeper commitment & knowledge of Jesus today. If you’ve not known Jesus, then this is an invitation to believe in Him and know Him as your Lord and Savior for the first time today.

As we come to Chapter 5, we can see that things have escalated quite quickly. Jesus has just performed his third sign that was recorded in the Gospel of John. An unbelievable miracle has just taken place where a man who was disabled for 38 long years was told by Jesus to get up, take his bed and walk! He actually did that. He instantly sprung up on his feet, took his bed and walked. An astonishing miracle for the man and everyone else who witnessed it that day.

Now you would imagine that a miracle of a kind like this should bring about a positive response towards Jesus. You would imagine that people, especially the religious Jews would be welcoming Jesus with open arms and honoring Jesus. That should have been the expected response. But instead we see them becoming hostile toward Him.

And this hostility had reached such a tipping point that the Jewish leaders were plotting to kill him! They hated Jesus. And why did they hate him? Because they saw him as a rule breaker. In their minds, they thought “how dare Jesus heals a person on the Sabbath? How dare Jesus call God the Father as His Father?”

And so what we’re seeing in this passage is Jesus’ response to their accusations. How is Jesus going to defend His claim of being God’s Son? What proof or evidence is there to show for that? And as Jesus shows the proofs or witnesses, He also diagnoses the real heart issue of the Jews. Until the heart issue gets fixed, none of the proofs will matter.

[30]  “I can do nothing on my own. As I hear, I judge, and my judgment is just, because I seek not my own will but the will of him who sent me.

A few verses before Jesus tells the Jewish leaders that God the Father has given Him the authority to execute judgment. In other words, Jesus is the One who is going to sit at the Judgment seat. Jesus is the ultimate Judge.

Oftentimes in our church circles we don’t mention this enough. We focus on Jesus being our Friend, Jesus being our older brother but let’s not forget that He’s also our Judge. Every human being will have to stand before Him and give an account. He is the One who will pass the ultimate verdict – guilty or not guilty on the basis of our trust in His sacrifice. Let that fill our hearts with holy reverence for Him.

And so as Jesus isdefending Himself before these accusations, He’s telling them that they will one day stand before Him and give an account for their lives. And Jesus will pass a judgment – and it’s not a random, arbitrary judgment.

It’s a just judgment because it relies not on His will but His Father’s direction and guidance. Although Jesus has been given the authority as Judge, He’s not doing it independently – He is fully dependent on the Father’s will and direction.

[31] If I alone bear witness about myself, my testimony is not true. [32] There is another who bears witness about me, and I know that the testimony that he bears about me is true.

In these verses, Jesus turns to OT Jewish law to make a case for Himself. According to the OT law, if someone has to be charged guilty for a crime or wrongdoing, it will need to be established by not one witness but at least two or three witnesses. Jesus uses the same legal language to back up His own claims of being God’s Son.

He’s telling them that His claims are not simply self attested. But there is another person who bears witness about Him. There is another person who gives an honest, factual report about Jesus. Who is that person? Let’s find out.

[33] You sent to John, and he has borne witness to the truth.

Jesus references John the Baptist’s witness. As we all know, the Jews took John the Baptist’s words quite seriously because they considered him as a prophet of God. And what did John the Baptist say?

When priests and Levites came to him and asked him if he was the Christ? He said “No. I’m just an ordinary human being who baptizes people with water but among you is someone you don’t know whose sandal straps I’m not worthy to untie”. He is very clear in stating that He is not the Christ but that the Christ was about to make His appearance.

And then later on – on two separate occasions he sees Jesus and says this:

“Behold the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world”. (John 1:29,35)

Nobody can say that John’s preaching and message was ambiguous. It was crystal clear that Jesus was the Christ.

[34] Not that the testimony that I receive is from man, but I say these things so that you may be saved.

[35] He was a burning and shining lamp, and you were willing to rejoice for a while in his light.

Jesus clarifies that this is not the person’s testimony that He was referring to. We will come to that testimony a little later.

But Jesus uses John the Baptist’s testimony so that the Jewish leaders might be saved. He’s basically telling them “I know you are struggling to believe in me, but listen to John the Baptist. Take him seriously”.

I find it so interesting that Jesus uses John’s testimony so that they would be saved. But why does Jesus want to save those who are plotting to kill Him?

And this should help us understand that Jesus’ conversations with his most hostile enemies were not to school them or troll them or just win an argument. A lot of our online debates are just about that.

But that’s not what Jesus was doing. Jesus was laying down the facts and witnesses so that even his most hostile and bitter enemies could be saved. Even in the midst of a very tense conversation, it’s filled with grace.

John 3:17

[17] For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but in order that the world might be saved through him.

Jesus knew why He came into the world. To save people – even those who hated and persecuted Jesus. Case in example – the apostle Paul who in own testimony said this:

1 Timothy 1:12-16

[12] I thank him who has given me strength, Christ Jesus our Lord, because he judged me faithful, appointing me to his service, [13] though formerly I was a blasphemer, persecutor, and insolent opponent. But I received mercy because I had acted ignorantly in unbelief, [14] and the grace of our Lord overflowed for me with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus. [15] The saying is trustworthy and deserving of full acceptance, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, of whom I am the foremost. [16] But I received mercy for this reason, that in me, as the foremost, Jesus Christ might display his perfect patience as an example to those who were to believe in him for eternal life.

[36] But the testimony that I have is greater than that of John.

Jesus is building a case from lesser to greater. John the Baptist’s testimony is already there, but there is a greater testimony than that of John.

Whose testimony is Jesus talking about? God the Father. And God the Father uses different ways, different channels, different proofs to bear witness about His Son? What are these?

1. Witness of Jesus’ works (v36)

For the works that the Father has given me to accomplish, the very works that I am doing, bear witness about me that the Father has sent me.

Themiracles that Jesus performed while He was on earth were astonishing! These were not illusions. There were not magic tricks. These were never seen before, life-changing miracles that pointed to the divinity of Christ.

As we look through the Gospels, we see miracles of all different kinds performed by the Lord. We read about blind people beginning to see with their eyes, deaf people beginning to hear, mute people beginning to speak, crippled people beginning to walk and use their limbs. People with skin diseases and leprosy being healed. People with bleeding issues being healed. People with seizures being healed. People who have been possessed by demons being healed. People who were at the point of death being healed. People who were dead being brought back to life!

These by no description and definition can be qualified as ordinary cures. These are unbelievable miracles! And in fact Isaiah prophecied that this would be one of the markers of the Messiah.

Isaiah 35:5-6 ESV

[5]  Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf unstopped; [6]  then shall the lame man leap like a deer, and the tongue of the mute sing for joy. For waters break forth in the wilderness, and streams in the desert;

You couldn’t witness these miracles with your eyes andstill conclude that Jesus hadn’t come from God. It was plainly obvious!

That’s the first channel that the Father used to bear witness about His Son. The second one is:

2. Witness of Scripture (v37-39)

[37] And the Father who sent me has himself borne witness about me. His voice you have never heard, his form you have never seen, [38] and you do not have his word abiding in you, for you do not believe the one whom he has sent. [39] You search the Scriptures because you think that in them you have eternal life; and it is they that bear witness about me,

And then Jesusmoves on to showing how God has testified about Jesus. Although they’ve not audibly heard his voice, although they’ve not seen him, yet God has clearly testified about His Son. How did he do that?

Through His Word. The written Scriptures which were given to them.

And then Jesus makes a very direct charge at them. V38 – Jesus tells these Scriptural learned, trained Jewish leaders that God’s word doesn’t abide in them. Because if it did, they would believe (entrust themselves, commit themselves, surrender themselves) in the One that God has sent. All the spiritual knowledge that they had gained didn’t translate into genuine faith in Jesus Christ.

V39 – They search the Scriptures – these were people who didn’t just read the Scriptures from the surface. They studied it. They went into depth. They thoroughly investigated Scripture. These were not ordinary lay people here. These were theologically skilled and knowledgeable people. If we were there at that time, we would’ve been amazed at the sheer wealth of spiritual knowledge that these people had.

And yet all of this didn’t help them to come to Jesus. It just remained at a head knowledge level. Which should tell us something. Spiritual resources don’t guarantee a relationship with Jesus. Spiritual biblical resources are now more accessible to us than it has been for any other age, but yet with all of that it doesn’t guarantee a relationship with Jesus.

Sometime back I had the chance of listening to a brother in Christ who shared his testimony of how he went through 3 years of Bible seminary while he was still an unbeliever. It was after that that he understood the Gospel, filled with the conviction of the Lord and turned to God in repentance and faith.

And then Jesus goes on to diagnose the real heart issue?

First heart issue:

[40] Yet you refuse to come to me that you may have life.

The real problem wasn’t the lack of spiritual resources. They had all of them and more. The real problem was a refusal – a stubborn unwillingness to come to Jesus and have life.

Second heart issue:

 [41] I do not receive glory from people. [42] But I know that you do not have the love of God within you. [43] I have come in my Father’s name, and you do not receive me. If another comes in his own name, you will receive him. [44] How can you believe, when you receive glory from one another and do not seek the glory that comes from the only God?

[45] Do not think that I will accuse you to the Father. There is one who accuses you: Moses, on whom you have set your hope. [46] For if you believed Moses, you would believe me; for he wrote of me. [47] But if you do not believe his writings, how will you believe my words?”

Deuteronomy 18:15-18 ESV[15]  “The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among you, from your brothers—it is to him you shall listen— [16] just as you desired of the Lord your God at Horeb on the day of the assembly, when you said, ‘Let me not hear again the voice of the Lord my God or see this great fire any more, lest I die.’ [17] And the Lord said to me, ‘They are right in what they have spoken. [18] I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their brothers. And I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command him.